|
11. Reduce urban pollution |
|
Indicator 15: Air pollution |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
city level |
|
|
1993 |
|
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
number of days excee-ding WHO standards during
the year |
average annual concentration (micro g / m3) |
number of days excee-ding WHO standards during
the year |
average annual concentration (micro g / m3) |
|
|
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) |
0 |
|
19,7 |
|
0 |
|
17,4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) |
38 |
|
33,2 |
|
0 |
|
23,4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ozone (O3) |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbon monoxide (CO) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lead (Pb) |
|
83 |
|
0,30 |
|
3 |
|
0,30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WHO standards: |
|
|
Averaging time |
WHO Guidelines value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) |
24 hours |
|
125 |
|
micro g / m3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) |
1 year |
|
40 |
|
micro g / m3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 hour |
|
200 |
|
micro g / m3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ozone (O3) |
|
8 hours |
|
120 |
|
micro g / m3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbon monoxide (CO) |
8 hours |
|
10 000 |
|
micro g / m3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lead (Pb) |
|
1 year |
|
0,5 |
|
micro g / m3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
What
do these results suggest in terms of air pollution for the
population ? |
|
|
|
|
If
data is not available, are there signs of increased air pollution
? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
What
measures have been or should be undertaken to correct the trend ? |
|
|
|
|
|
There
are no serious problems in terms of air pollution. One of the main
polluters -
autotransport and power stations of the industrial enterprises. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A plan
for the gas-supply of the city was developed. A gas-supply
concession is given for the next 15 years. |
|
|
A new
transportation system is designed. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indicator 16: Wastewater treated |
|
city level |
|
|
1993 |
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,0% |
|
50,0% |
|
% of wastewater |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
results should include primary, secondary and
tertiary treatments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
What
do these results suggest in terms of quality of life for the
population ? |
|
|
|
|
What
measures have been undertaken to correct the trend ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.The
quality of life is improving due to the good ecological
environment. |
|
|
|
2.
Reconstruction and modernization of the existing wastewater
treatment plant. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indicator 17: solid waste disposal |
|
city level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 |
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of solid wastes |
% of solid wastes |
|
|
|
|
|
Sanitary landfill |
|
0,0% |
|
0,0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incinerated (in incineration plants) |
0,0% |
|
0,0% |
|
|
|
|
Open dump |
|
95,0% |
|
94,0% |
|
|
|
Recycled |
|
5,0% |
|
6,0% |
|
|
|
Burned (openly) |
0,0% |
|
0,0% |
|
|
|
other |
|
|
0,0% |
|
0,0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
100,0% |
|
100,0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
What
measures have been undertaken to reduce the impact of solid wastes
on the environment ? |
|
|
|
Future
planning and building of regional depot for solid wastes. |
|
|
|
Solid
wastes treatment concession for the next 15 years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
